Legislation also required the consent of the Bundesrat, the federal council of deputies from the states. As a result, by the time of the great expansion of German cities in the 1890s and first decade of the 20th century, rural areas were grossly overrepresented. However, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas. The new empire had a parliament called the Reichstag, which was elected by universal male suffrage. The 1871 German Constitution was adopted by the Reichstag on Apand proclaimed by the Emperor on April 16, which was substantially based upon Bismarck's North German Constitution. Left, on the podium (in black): Crown Prince Frederick (later Frederick III), his father Emperor Wilhelm I, and Frederick I of Baden, proposing a toast to the new emperor.Ĭentre (in white): Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian Chief of Staff. During the Siege of Paris on JanuKing Wilhelm I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.ĭie Proklamation des Deutschen Kaiserreiches by Anton von Werner (1877), depicting the proclamation of the foundation of the German Reich (18 January 1871, Palace of Versailles). On Decemthe North German Confederation Reichstag renamed the Confederation as the German Empire and gave the title of German Emperor to the King of Prussia as President of the Confederation. During November 1870 the four southern states joined the North German Confederation by treaty. The war resulted in the Confederation being partially replaced by a North German Confederation in 1867 which included Prussia but excluded Austria and the South German states. The German Confederation ended as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 between the constituent Confederation entities of the Austrian Empire and its allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia and its allies on the other. Three wars led to military successes and helped to persuade German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870–71. He envisioned a conservative, Prussian-dominated Germany. Bismarck sought to extend Hohenzollern hegemony throughout the German states to do so meant unification of the German states and the elimination of Prussia's rival, Austria, from the subsequent empire. German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848, called Pan-Germanism, to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck's pragmatic Realpolitik. The German Confederation was created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on Jas a result of the Napoleonic Wars, after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris. The period between 19 is known as Nationalist Germany, until the Peaceful Revolution took place and lead to the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the modern day German Reich, which is a republic. The legal measures taken by the new Nationalist government in February and March 1933, commonly known as the Machtergreifung (seizure of power), meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. It led to the ascent of the nascent National Party in 1933. Between 19 the Great Depression, even worsened by Brüning's policy of deflation, led to a surge in unemployment. The ensuing period of liberal democracy lapsed by 1930, when Wilhelm II assumed dictatorial emergency powers to back the administrations of Chancellors Brüning, Papen, Schleicher and finally Hitler. In October 1918, the Reichstag convened where a new democratic constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on October 28. Following World War I, Germany barely emerged victorious in August 1918. When the great crisis of 1914 arrived, it had only two weak allies (the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires) left. Its network of small colonies in Africa and the Pacific paled in comparison to the British and French empires. After the removal of the powerful Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890, the young Emperor Wilhelm II engaged in increasingly reckless foreign policies that left the Empire isolated. The German Empire ( German: Deutsches Reich or Deutsches Kaiserreich), simply referred to as Imperial Germany or Germany, was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the Peaceful Revolution in 1989. Rapid industrialization in the 1880's and 1890's allowed it to become a great power, boasting a rapidly growing economy and the world's strongest army and its navy went from being negligible to second only behind the Royal Navy in less than a decade. New Imperialism, World War I, Interwar period
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